View the Fidelity Investments and the Fidelity Funds Privacy Notice

Our Commitment to Privacy

Fidelity Investments and the Fidelity Funds are committed to maintaining the confidentiality, integrity, and security of personal information about our current and prospective customers.

Please note that certain details of this policy may depend on whether you deal with us through an investment professional, directly as an individual investor, or whether Fidelity provides services to your employer or plan sponsor.

The privacy policies of Fidelity Investments and the Fidelity Funds are reviewed annually. Our printed and online notices are then updated to reflect any changes.

Fidelity Investments Privacy Policy

How and why we obtain personal information

Fidelity takes great care to protect personal information about you and when we use it, we do so with respect for your privacy. We may use personal information about you to service, maintain, and protect your account; process transactions in your account; respond to inquiries from you or your representative; develop, offer, and deliver products and services; or to fulfill legal and regulatory requirements. Fidelity may collect public and non-public personal information about you from any of the following sources:

• You or your representative on applications or forms (for example, name, address, Social Security number, birth date, assets and income)
• You or your employer or plan sponsor if Fidelity provides them with recordkeeping services (for example, payroll, human resources, or benefits information)
• Transactional activity in your account (for example, trading history and balances)
• Other interactions with Fidelity (for example, discussions with our customer service staff or information you enter into our websites)
• Information from consumer reporting agencies (for example, to assess your creditworthiness for margin products)
• Information from other third-party data services (for example, to verify your identity and to better understand your product and service needs)
• You or your representative regarding your preferences (for example, your choice of electronic statement delivery, or the screen layout you specify if you use our Internet sites)
• Other sources with your consent or with the consent of your representative (for example, from other institutions if you transfer positions into Fidelity)

How we protect information about you

Fidelity considers the protection of personal information to be a foundation of customer trust and a sound business practice. We employ physical, electronic and procedural controls and we regularly adapt these controls to respond to changing requirements and advances in technology.

At Fidelity, we restrict access to personal information to those who require it to develop, support, offer and deliver products and services to you.

How we share information about you with third parties

Fidelity does not share personal information about our customers with unaffiliated third parties for use in marketing their products and services. We may share personal information with the following entities:

• Unaffiliated service providers (for example, printing and mailing companies, securities clearinghouses, marketing service providers, and other entities who may provide services at Fidelity's direction)
• Government agencies, other regulatory bodies and law enforcement officials (for example, for tax purposes or for reporting suspicious transactions)
• Other organizations, with your consent or as directed by your representative (for example, if you use Fidelity as a financial reference in applying for credit with another institution), or as permitted or required by law (for example, for fraud prevention or to respond to a subpoena)

Our service providers are obligated to keep the personal information we share with them confidential and use it only to provide services specified by Fidelity.

Based on the nature of your relationship with Fidelity, we may exchange information with other third parties as described below:

• If Fidelity provides workplace services to your employer or plan sponsor, such as payroll, human resources or benefits recordkeeping services, Fidelity may exchange any information received in connection with such services with your employer or plan sponsor or others they may authorize.
• If you conduct business with Fidelity through your investment professional, we may exchange information we collect with your investment professional or with others they may authorize.
• If you transact business through Fidelity's life insurance companies, we may validate and obtain information about you from an insurance support organization. The insurance support organization may further share your information with other insurers, as permitted by law. We may also share medical information about you to learn if you qualify for coverage, to process claims, to prevent fraud, or otherwise at your direction, as permitted by law.

How we share information about you within Fidelity

We may share personal information about you with various Fidelity corporate affiliates including internal service providers which perform, for example, printing, mailing, and data processing services.

Additionally, if you interact with Fidelity directly as an individual investor (including joint account holders) or if Fidelity provides services to your employer or plan sponsor, we may exchange certain information about you with Fidelity financial services affiliates, such as our brokerage and insurance companies, for their use in marketing products and services as allowed by law.

Information collected from investment professionals' customers is not shared with Fidelity affiliates for marketing purposes, except with your consent and as allowed by law.

Privacy Online

Privacy, security, and service in Fidelity's online operations are just as critical as in the rest of our business. We use firewall barriers, encryption techniques and authentication procedures, among others, to maintain the security of your online session and to protect Fidelity accounts and systems from unauthorized access.

When you interact with us through online channels (for example, websites and mobile applications) owned and controlled by Fidelity Investments ("Fidelity websites"), Fidelity manages personal information in accordance with all of the practices and safeguards described previously.

When you visit Fidelity websites, we may collect technical and navigational information, such as device type, browser type, Internet protocol address, pages visited, and average time spent on Fidelity websites. We use this information for a variety of purposes, such as maintaining the security of your online session, facilitating site navigation, improving Fidelity website design and functionality, and personalizing your experience on Fidelity websites. Additionally, the following policies and practices apply when you are online.

Cookies and similar technologies

Fidelity and our third-party service providers may use cookies and similar technologies to support the operation of Fidelity websites. Cookies are small amounts of data that a website exchanges with a web browser or application on a visitor's computer or mobile device. Cookies help us to collect information about visitors to Fidelity websites, including date and time of visits, pages viewed, amount of time spent on our sites, or general information about the device used to access the site. Fidelity cookies are also used for security purposes and to personalize your experience, such as customizing your screen layout.

You can refuse or delete cookies. Most browsers and mobile devices offer their own settings to manage cookies. If you refuse a cookie when on a Fidelity website, or if you delete cookies, you may experience some inconvenience in your use of Fidelity websites. For example, you may not be able to sign in and access your account, or we may not be able to recognize you, your device, or your online preferences.

Both Fidelity and third-party service providers we hire may use cookies and other technologies, such as web beacons or pixel tags, in online advertising as described below.

Advertising on Fidelity websites

Fidelity advertises on its own websites (including our mobile applications), and when we do, we may use information about your relationship with us, such as the types of accounts you have, to tailor advertisements about Fidelity and third-party products and services that may be of interest to you.

We may also use third-party service providers to help us determine which Fidelity products and services may be of interest to you. These service providers may collect information about your activity on Fidelity websites using cookies and other technologies to analyze, for example, pages visited, search engine referrals, browsing patterns, and responses to advertisements and promotions. Such service providers may only collect and use such information for purposes specified by Fidelity and not for their own purposes.

Advertising on Non-Fidelity websites

Fidelity also advertises our products and services on websites not affiliated with Fidelity and we contract with third-party advertising companies to display these ads. These third-party advertising companies may use cookies and similar technologies to collect technical and web navigational information, such as device type, browser type, Internet protocol address, and pages visited.

Fidelity and these third-party online advertising companies may use the data collected, along with other information we have about you and your Fidelity relationships, to serve relevant ads to you. The advertisements may be relevant to your interests, as determined by your activity on Fidelity and non-Fidelity websites. These are known as "interest-based advertisements."

You may opt-out of receiving interest-based advertisements from online advertising companies by clicking on the AdChoices icon (which appears on all Fidelity interest-based ads) and following the opt-out instructions. For more information about interest-based advertising please see http://www.networkadvertising.org/managing/opt_out.asp.

Non-Fidelity websites and mobile applications are not subject to Fidelity's Privacy Policy. You may visit the individual sites for additional information on their privacy practices..

Connecting with Fidelity on social media sites

Fidelity provides experiences on social media platforms that enable online sharing and collaboration among users who have registered to use them. We may collect information you provide by interacting with us via social media, such as photographs, opinions, or Twitter handle. Any content you post, such as pictures, information, opinions, or any personal information that you make available to other participants on these social platforms, is also subject to the terms of use and privacy policies of those platforms. Please refer to them to better understand your rights and obligations with regard to such content.

Fidelity's Mobile^® apps

Fidelity Mobile^® applications ("apps") allow you to access your accounts, trade securities, move money, and access news and research using wireless or mobile devices. Our privacy practices apply to any personal information or other information that we may collect through the apps.

Protecting children's privacy online

Fidelity websites are not directed to individuals under the age of thirteen (13). Fidelity does not intentionally collect information on Fidelity websites from those we actually know are under 13, and we request that these individuals do not provide personal information through the sites.

Additional Information

If you are a former customer, these policies also apply to you; we treat your information with the same care as we do information about current customers.

Fidelity offers several options for accessing and, if necessary, correcting your account information. You can review your information using your statements, or through our automated telephone or Internet services. You may also write or call us with your request for information. If you transact business through Fidelity's life insurance companies, you are entitled to receive, upon written request, a record of any disclosures of your medical record information. If we serve you through an investment professional, please contact them directly. Specific Internet addresses, mailing addresses and telephone numbers are listed on your statements and other correspondence.

The Fidelity Investments Privacy Policy is provided on behalf of:

• Fidelity Brokerage Services LLC
• Fidelity Distributors Corporation
• Fidelity Workplace Services LLC
• Fidelity Investments Institutional Operations Company, Inc.
• Fidelity Investments Institutional Services Company, Inc.
• Fidelity Management Trust Company
• Fidelity Personal Trust Company, FSB
• Fidelity Stock Plan Services, LLC
• Fidelity Investments Life Insurance Company
• Empire Fidelity Investments Life Insurance Company
• Fidelity Insurance Agency, Inc.
• FIAM LLC
• National Financial Services LLC
• Strategic Advisers, Inc.
• Other companies owned by Fidelity Investments using the Fidelity name to provide financial or payroll services to customers

Fidelity Funds Privacy Policy

Protecting your personal information is an important priority for the Fidelity Funds. The Funds' privacy policy is designed to support this objective. The Funds collect non-public personal information concerning you in the following ways:

• Information provided by you or your representative on applications or other forms furnished to the Funds or through other interactions that you or your representative have with the Funds
• Information arising from your investments in or accounts with the Funds
• Information the Funds receive from a consumer reporting agency

The Funds employ physical, electronic, and procedural controls to safeguard your information. For example, the Funds authorize access to your personal and account information only for personnel who need that information in order to provide products or services to you.

The Funds do not disclose any non-public personal information about you, except as permitted by law. For example, the Funds have entered into a number of arrangements with Fidelity Investments to provide for investment management, distribution and servicing of the Funds.

If you decide to close your account, the Funds will continue to adhere to the privacy policies and practices as described in this notice.

Please read the Fidelity Funds Privacy Policy in conjunction with the Privacy Policy for the Fidelity Investments companies of which you are also a customer.

The Fidelity Funds Privacy Policy is provided on behalf of the Fidelity Investments family of mutual funds.